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Some examples of discrimination sometimes still occur. In January , news headlines were made by a sperm bank's policy of refusing donations from gay men.

LGBT rights in New Zealand

In March , the policy was amended. In New Zealand it has been legal for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons to serve in the military since New Zealand's Human Rights Act ended most forms of employment discrimination against lesbians, gay men and bisexuals.

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New Zealand military leaders did not oppose the end of military service discrimination. In , the Crimes Provocation Repeal Amendment Act was enacted to repeal sections and The bill was introduced to Parliament in August by Justice Minister Simon Power , although its introduction was largely stemmed from the trial for the murder of Sophie Elliott by her ex-boyfriend, rather than the LGBT community. The repeal bill received wide parliamentary and public support, and passed its third reading on 26 November , votes to 5 with only ACT New Zealand opposed, and became effective on 8 December Sex reassignment surgery is legal in New Zealand.

However, in June , the Family Court ruled that full sex reassignment surgeries are not always necessary to meet this legal threshold. Sex reassignment surgeries take place largely in private hospitals or overseas. In the s, New Zealand was dubbed a "world leader" for such operations, with comparatively low cost and relaxed public attitudes.

In , however, the country's only specialist surgeon retired, leaving transgender people seeking such operations in a state of limbo. Several chose to join the waiting list for publicly funded surgeries, which are limited to only four every two years three for male to female, and one for female to male , or to go abroad. In October , the Government announced its intention to increase the number of publicly funded operations.

At that time, there were people on the waiting list, meaning some had to wait up to 50 years. The New Zealand Human Rights Commission noted in its report on the status of human rights in New Zealand that transgender and non-binary people in New Zealand face discrimination in several aspects of their lives, however, the law is unclear on the legal status of discrimination based on gender identity. Whilst it is believed that gender identity is protected under the laws preventing discrimination on the basis of either sex or sexual orientation, [46] it is not known how this applies to those who have not had, or will not have, sex reassignment surgery.

While there is some inconsistent international case law, it has been noted that gender identification and sexual orientation are too unrelated for this to be suitable. The International Commission of Jurists and the International Service for Human Rights in created the Yogyakarta Principles to apply international human rights law to gender identity and sexual orientation. The first and most arguably most important is that human rights are available to all humans, regardless of gender identity, and that states should amend legislation "to ensure its consistency with the universal enjoyment of all human rights.

This report suggested that transgender people were "one of the most marginalised groups" in New Zealand, leading the Human Rights Commission to publish a comprehensive inquiry entitled "To Be Who I Am" in , which outlined some of the concerns listed below. On 10 August , the Government Administration Select Committee discussed the Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration Bill , [52] which was introduced on 10 August and would amend New Zealand laws relating to legal sex changes.

The committee recommended allowing adults to change sex by submitting a statutory declaration saying they intend to continue to identify as a person of the chosen sex and understand the consequences of the application.

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No medical evidence would be required. Minors aged 16 and 17 would be able to do this with the consent of their guardian, confirmation from a health professional that they understand the consequences of the application and that the change is in their interests. The committee also recommended including gender options such as intersex and X unspecified. New Zealand laws and policies that prohibit female genital mutilation explicitly permit "normalising" medical interventions on intersex infants and girls. New Zealand passports are available with an "X" sex descriptor. Conversion therapy, the pseudoscientific practice of trying to change an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual or bisexual to heterosexual using psychological, physical, or spiritual interventions, is not outlawed in New Zealand.

There is no reliable evidence that sexual orientation can be changed and medical institutions warn that conversion therapy practices are ineffective and potentially harmful. In August , Justice Minister Andrew Little announced that a conversion therapy ban could be considered as part of a reform to the Human Rights Act It foresees 6—12 months imprisonment and a fine of between and 10, New Zealand dollars for offenders.

In the Justice Select Committee reviewed petitions to ban conversion therapy. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern expressed concerns about the impact conversion therapy could have on vulnerable youth, but said the committee would be "keeping in mind that there will be those who perceive that it's a part of their freedom of expression within their religion". In particular, thought must be given to how to define conversion therapy, who the ban would apply to, and how to ensure that rights relating to freedom of expression and religion were maintained".

Recent reports have shown that conversion therapy is "widespread" in New Zealand, including the practise of exorcism , therapy, drugs or other means. Michael Bailey say there is little scientific evidence to support the efficacy of conversion therapy. While people may claim to have changed their orientation through such interventions often due to pressure or shame, their underlying orientation remains the same. The New Zealand Blood Service NZBS , like many countries, controversially defers any man who has had oral or anal intercourse with another man, with or without protection, in the past twelve months from donating blood, which is taken to be discrimination against gay men.

Gay rights were a major political issue during the Homosexual Law Reform debates, but have subsequently become much less so. The Civil Union Act was opposed by nearly half of Parliament, but in tones much more restrained than that of the Homosexual Law Reform era. There has been a succession of unsuccessful fundamentalist Christian political parties in New Zealand or socially conservative political parties less sympathetic to LGBT rights since the introduction of electoral reform in made proportional representation possible.

The Destiny political party, founded to bring "Christian morality" into politics, received only 0.

Christian Heritage New Zealand polled 4. Currently, the officially secular Conservative Party of New Zealand , which has yet to gain parliamentary representation, appeals to voters in this area. A number of openly gay or lesbian politicians have served in New Zealand's Parliament. The first to be elected was Chris Carter , who became the first openly gay MP when he came out shortly after the election. Carter united in civil union to his long-time partner of thirty-three years, Peter Kaiser, on 10 February , [88] in the first civil union for a cabinet minister or member of parliament since civil unions in New Zealand were introduced after legislation was passed in December Tim Barnett was the first MP to be elected as an openly gay man, in the election.

She was also the President of the Labour Party between and However, the National Party 's Marilyn Waring had preceded Street, and while she was outed at one point, Waring's strong pro-choice identification and vocal feminism overshadowed her lesbianism, which was then considered a private matter. Since she left Parliament in , Waring has more openly acknowledged her sexual orientation.

Georgina Beyer became the first transgender mayor in the world when she became the Mayor of Carterton in In the election , she became the world's first transgender MP. She retired from parliamentary politics on 14 February Auckland has multiple gay bars, restaurants, clubs, festivals and other venues. Gay pride events are legal in New Zealand and were first held in the s. Parades were typically attended by more than one hundred thousand people and at its height, by as many as two hundred thousand.

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The numbers of attendees has risen steadily over the past few years and includes appearances from the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition and many other politicians from centre-left and centre-right parties alike, who show their support for the LGBT community. Although anti-discrimination laws and laws regarding civil unions and same-sex marriage apply in New Zealand, these do not apply in the territories of Niue , Tokelau or the Cook Islands due to their separate legislatures.

Homosexual acts are criminalised in the Cook Islands, although the law is not actively enforced. Journal of Adolescent Health. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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Main article: Same-sex marriage in New Zealand. Main article: Transgender rights in New Zealand. Further information: Intersex rights in New Zealand. See also: Conversion therapy. Retrieved 4 December In Australia and New Zealand, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people continue to enjoy many legal rights denied to their comrades across the vast majority of the Pacific. New Zealand is the first and only country in Oceania to legalise same-sex marriage, and is the 13th in the world.

Spartacus International Gay Guide. Retrieved 1 September W Reed Ltd, Wellington. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 30 January Victoria University Press. Equal Justice Project. Retrieved 8 April Retrieved 5 December New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 29 January New Zealand Parliamentary Votes Database. Archived from the original on 8 April Retrieved 2 November Hansard Office, New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 31 August Department of Child, Youth and Family. Retrieved 1 March International Labour Organisation.

LGBT in New Zealand - Wikipedia

Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 7 April Gay Military Signal. Retrieved 12 November Attitudes of Military Personnel Toward Homosexuals. National Equality Opportunities Network. The Press. Retrieved 14 October Ministry of Health NZ. Archived from the original on 10 February New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. August Vol 1 No 1 November at p The number of persons engaged about strictly agricultural pursuits was considerably larger than in , while the number engaged about pastoral pursuits showed little difference.

The number of persons classified as farmers and market-gardeners male and female increased from 16, in to 19, in There was a slight decrease in the number of farm- servants and labourers. The persons classified as runholders, graziers, sheep- and cattle-dealers, amounted to in , against in The station or grazing-farm servants and labourers increased from 3, in to 4, in The fishermen increased from in to in The term, however, is used here in a far more comprehensive sense, and includes all persons working or dealing in art or mechanical productions, in textile fabrics and fibrous materials, in foods and drinks with the exception of those that are engaged in board and lodging and inn-keeping, included in the domestic class , in animal and vegetable substances, and in metals and minerals.

The total number of persons in this class in amounted to 64,, viz. Order VIII.

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Workers and Dealers in Art and Mechanical Productions. There was a small decrease in number of makers and dealers in musical instruments; the number, however, having been small in each year, viz. Lithographers only increased from 53 to Watch- and clock-makers increased in the three years from to Persons employed in making or dealing in machines and tools amounted to , against in The ship- and boat-builders were in number; the increase having been small since , when the number was The Building Sub-order included 10, persons, or 7 per cent, of the male population over 18 years of age.